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第76章 对火星轨道变化问题的最后解释


roccurssomewhereinthesystem,startingfromacertaininitialconfiguration(chambers,wetherillitotanikawa1999).asystemisdefinedasexperiencingacloseencounterwhentwobodiesapproachoneanotherwithinanareaofthelargerhillradius.otherwisethesystemisdefinedasbeingstable.henceforwardwestatethatourplanetarysystemisdynamicallystableifnocloseencounterhappensduringtheageofoursolarsystem,about±5gyr.incidentally,thisdefinitionmaybereplacedbyoneinwhichanoccurrenceofanyorbitalcrossingbetweeneitherofapairofplanetstakesplace.thisisbecauseweknowfromexperiencethatanorbitalcrossingisverylikelytoleadtoacloseencounterinplanetaryandprotoplanetarysystems(yoshinaga,kokubomakino1999).ofcoursethisstatementcannotbesimplyappliedtosystemswithstableorbitalresonancessuchastheneptune–plutosystem.
  1.2previousstudiesandaimsofthisresearch
  inadditiontothevaguenessoftheconceptofstability,theplanetsinoursolarsystemshowacharactertypicalofdynamicalchaos(sussmanwisdom1988,1992).thecauseofthischaoticbehaviourisnowpartlyunderstoodasbeingaresultofresonanceoverlapping(murraylecar,franklinholman2001).however,itwouldrequireintegratingoveranensembleofplanetarysystemsincludingallnineplanetsforaperiodcoveringseveral10gyrtothoroughlyunderstandthelong-termevolutionofplanetaryorbits,sincechaoticdynamicalsystemsarecharacterizedbytheirstrongdependenceoninitialconditions.
  fromthatpointofview,manyofthepreviouslong-termnumericalintegrationsincludedonlytheouterfiveplanets(sussmankinoshitanakai1996).thisisbecausetheorbitalperiodsoftheouterplanetsaresomuchlongerthanthoseoftheinnerfourplanetsthatitismucheasiertofollowthesystemforagivenintegrationperiod.atpresent,thelongestnumericalintegrationspublishedinjournalsarethoseofduncanlissauer(1998).althoughtheirmaintargetwastheeffectofpost-main-sequencesolarmasslossonthestabilityofplanetaryorbits,theyperformedmanyintegrationscoveringupto~1011yroftheorbitalmotionsofthefourjovianplanets.theinitialorbitalelementsandmassesofplanetsarethesameasthoseofoursolarsysteminduncanliM.feNgyE-ZN.Com
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